DipteraTabanidae – Horse and Deer Flies

Tabanus gracilis

This record describes Tabanus gracilis (species). Recorded family: Tabanidae. Recorded order: Diptera.

Identification and Appearance

Tabanus gracilis - Tabanus gracilis
Contributed by Arturo Santos; Additional contributions by v belov

Females can be recognized by the brown color, abdominal pattern, wing veins faintly margined with brown, and the shape of the calli on the face. Females: eyes bare; abdomen with median and sublateral pale spots or triangles; abdomen with neither a parallel-sided median stripe nor median pale triangles not forming an impression of a serrated stripe; fork of veins R4+5 without a dark spot; mesonotum not covered with yellow or golden hair; length usually over 12 mm; frons parallel-sided or only slightly widened above; subcallus not shiny; wing with cell R5 not narrowed or closed at margin; scape of antennae not noticeably swollen dorsally; antennae uniformly orange; wing membrane hyaline or grayish-blue with the veins very faintly margined with light brown; basal and median calli large, shiny, yellowish-brown, and broadly joined. Males: eyes bare; abdomen with pale median and sublateral pale spots or triangles, median pale triangles not forming a parallel-sided stripe; yellowish or brownish species usually more than 12 mm in length; costal cell hyaline or tinged with yellow; eyes with large and small ommatidia distinctly differentiated; sublateral abdominal spots small, pale brown, rarely reaching anterior margin of tergites; mesonotum with brown hairs. one of the most abundant species in se US With known pathogenic transmission of Anaplasma marginale , a bacteria that affects cattle.

Classification

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Insecta
Order
Diptera (Flies)
Family
Tabanidae (Horse and Deer Flies)
Subfamily
Tabaninae
Tribe
Tabanini
Genus
Tabanus

Imported taxonomy record. Source availability varies; see the source references and editorial policy below.

Habitat and Range

Habitat

Often scrub, sandhill, and open pine woods.

Geographic Range

NJ-FL-MS

Seasonal Activity

Jun-Oct

Additional species information

Species notes from the sources

Etymology: Tabanus gracilis Wiedemann 1828

About Flies: the wider group

Order-level background for Diptera, the group containing Tabanus gracilis. Species-specific details appear above.

Group overview

Diptera includes over 150,000 described species of flies, mosquitoes, and midges. Mosquitoes are the deadliest animal on Earth (CDC). Malaria alone causes ~249 million cases and over 608,000 deaths annually, mostly children under 5 (WHO). Vector-borne diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases, causing 700,000+ deaths per year.

Ecological role of the group

Despite their disease impact, flies are critical decomposers and pollinators. Hoverflies alone pollinate hundreds of crop and wildflower species. Flies are also the primary food source for many birds, bats, and fish. Forensic entomology relies heavily on fly species for crime scene analysis.

Economic and practical significance of the group

In the U.S., vector-borne disease cases tripled between 2004-2016, with over 640,000 cases reported in that period (CDC). Tickborne diseases doubled from 22,000 to 48,000 annual reports. Globally, mosquito-borne diseases cost billions in healthcare and lost productivity.

Recorded sources for this group: WHO, CDC, PNAS. Imported estimates may describe particular regions or reporting periods.

Explore Diptera families and species →

Photos of Tabanus gracilis (5)

Tabanus gracilis - photo 1
Contributed by Arturo Santos; Additional contributions by v belov
Tabanus gracilis - photo 2
Contributed by Arturo Santos; Additional contributions by v belov
Tabanus gracilis - photo 3
Contributed by Arturo Santos; Additional contributions by v belov
Tabanus gracilis - photo 4
Contributed by Arturo Santos; Additional contributions by v belov
Tabanus gracilis - photo 5
Contributed by Arturo Santos; Additional contributions by v belov

Photo credits: Contributed by Arturo Santos; Additional contributions by v belov

Frequently Asked Questions About Tabanus gracilis

What is Tabanus gracilis?

Tabanus gracilis is a species in the family Tabanidae, within the order Diptera.

How big is Tabanus gracilis?

11-16 mm

How do you identify Tabanus gracilis?

Females can be recognized by the brown color, abdominal pattern, wing veins faintly margined with brown, and the shape of the calli on the face. Females: eyes bare; abdomen with median and sublateral pale spots or triangles; abdomen with neither a parallel-sided median stripe nor median pale triangles not forming an impression of a serrated stripe; fork of veins R4+5 without a dark spot; mesonotum not covered with yellow or golden hair; length usually over 12 mm; frons parallel-sided or only slightly widened above; subcallus not shiny; wing with cell R5 not narrowed or closed at margin; scape of antennae not noticeably swollen dorsally; antennae uniformly orange; wing membrane hyaline or grayish-blue with the veins very faintly margined with light brown; basal and median calli large, shiny, yellowish-brown, and broadly joined. Males: eyes bare; abdomen with pale median and sublateral pale spots or triangles, median pale triangles not forming a parallel-sided stripe; yellowish or brownish species usually more than 12 mm in length; costal cell hyaline or tinged with yellow; eyes with large and small ommatidia distinctly differentiated; sublateral abdominal spots small, pale brown, rarely reaching anterior margin of tergites; mesonotum with brown hairs.

Where is Tabanus gracilis found?
FeatureDetails
HabitatOften scrub, sandhill, and open pine woods.
RangeNJ-FL-MS
When is Tabanus gracilis active?

Tabanus gracilis: seasonal activity - Jun-Oct.

How we use and review source data. Source count does not imply independent verification.

Photo credits: Contributed by Arturo Santos; Additional contributions by v belov. Contributors retain copyright over their individual contributions.