Imported taxonomy record. Source availability varies; see the source references and editorial policy below.
About Spiders: the wider group
Order-level background for Araneae, the group containing Pachygnatha autumnalis. Species-specific details appear above.
Group overview
As of 2023, 51,673 spider species in 136 families have been recorded, though an estimated 150,000 species exist. Spiders rank 7th in total species diversity among all organism orders. Only 0.5% of spider species pose any risk to human health.
Ecological role of the group
Spider venom contains complex peptides with diverse pharmacological activities, making them valuable for drug development research. Spiders produce up to 7 types of silk from specialized glands. Spider silk genes have been inserted into mammals and plants for biotech applications.
Economic and practical significance of the group
The global spider community kills an estimated 400-800 million tons of prey annually (2017 study). Spiders provide billions of dollars in natural pest control for agriculture. Spider silk is 5× stronger than steel of the same diameter, driving a biomaterials research industry.
Recorded sources for this group: World Spider Catalog, PNAS, Nature, ScienceDirect. Imported estimates may describe particular regions or reporting periods.
(c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins(c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins(c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins(c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins(c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins(c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins(c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins(c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins
Photo credits: (c) Jason M Crockwell, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), uploaded by Jason M Crockwell | (c) Matthew Lindsey, all rights reserved, uploaded by Matthew Lindsey | no rights reserved, uploaded by Zygy | (c) Jeffrey G. Cramer, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Jeffrey G. Cramer | (c) Peter Edelman, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Peter Edelman | (c) becksnyc, all rights reserved, uploaded by becksnyc | Contributed by tom murray; Additional contributions by cheins
