Top-horned Hunchback
Acrocera orbiculus
This record describes Acrocera orbiculus (species). Recorded family: Acroceridae. Recorded order: Diptera.
Identification and Appearance

Acrocera orbiculus is one of three British Acroceridae species. They are small, dumpy flies with a strongly domed thorax, relatively small head and large squamae. Acrocera orbiculus is easily distinguished from the other two acrocerids by the fact that the antennae are placed high on the head directly in front of the ocelli (the bristle-like aristae giving away their position). The abdomen can be extensively cream-coloured or mostly black. Unless identified by a recognised expert, a photo is required. If the photo doesn't show the key ID features then in the comments box describe the size and identifying characters you have observed. It can be found in a variety of habitats, including chalk grassland, heathland, woodland edge, wetlands, coastal dunes and saltmarsh edge. Adults are recorded from May until September with peaks in July and August. The larvae develop as internal parasitoids of spiders. Eggs are laid on vegetation and the larvae then attach themselves to passing spiders. This is the most widespread and frequent acrocerid though it is, nevertheless, rather scarce and localised in Britain.
Wikipedia reference for Acrocera orbiculus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrocera_orbicula.
Classification
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Class
- Insecta
- Order
- Diptera
- Family
- Acroceridae
- Genus
- Acrocera
Imported taxonomy record. Source availability varies; see the source references and editorial policy below.
Habitat and Range
Habitat
It can be found in a variety of habitats, including chalk grassland, heathland, woodland edge, wetlands, coastal dunes and saltmarsh edge.
Seasonal Activity
Adults are recorded from May until September with peaks in July and August.
Diet and Behavior
Life History
The larvae develop as internal parasitoids of spiders. Eggs are laid on vegetation and the larvae then attach themselves to passing spiders.
Additional species information
Recorded status
This is the most widespread and frequent acrocerid though it is, nevertheless, rather scarce and localised in Britain.
About Flies: the wider group
Order-level background for Diptera, the group containing Acrocera orbiculus. Species-specific details appear above.
Group overview
Diptera includes over 150,000 described species of flies, mosquitoes, and midges. Mosquitoes are the deadliest animal on Earth (CDC). Malaria alone causes ~249 million cases and over 608,000 deaths annually, mostly children under 5 (WHO). Vector-borne diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases, causing 700,000+ deaths per year.
Ecological role of the group
Despite their disease impact, flies are critical decomposers and pollinators. Hoverflies alone pollinate hundreds of crop and wildflower species. Flies are also the primary food source for many birds, bats, and fish. Forensic entomology relies heavily on fly species for crime scene analysis.
Economic and practical significance of the group
In the U.S., vector-borne disease cases tripled between 2004-2016, with over 640,000 cases reported in that period (CDC). Tickborne diseases doubled from 22,000 to 48,000 annual reports. Globally, mosquito-borne diseases cost billions in healthcare and lost productivity.
Recorded sources for this group: WHO, CDC, PNAS. Imported estimates may describe particular regions or reporting periods.
Photos of Top-horned Hunchback (3)
Frequently Asked Questions About Top-horned Hunchback
What is Top-horned Hunchback?
Top-horned Hunchback (Acrocera orbiculus) is a species in the family Acroceridae, within the order Diptera.
Where is Top-horned Hunchback found?
Habitat: It can be found in a variety of habitats, including chalk grassland, heathland, woodland edge, wetlands, coastal dunes and saltmarsh edge.
When is Top-horned Hunchback active?
Top-horned Hunchback: seasonal activity - Adults are recorded from May until September with peaks in July and August..
What is the life cycle of a Top-horned Hunchback?
The larvae develop as internal parasitoids of spiders. Eggs are laid on vegetation and the larvae then attach themselves to passing spiders.
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