AraneaeTheridiidae – Cobweb Spiders

Theridion frondeum

This record describes Theridion frondeum (species). Recorded family: Theridiidae. Recorded order: Araneae.

Identification and Appearance

Theridion frondeum - Theridion frondeum
Contributed by john and jane balaban; Additional contributions by Lynette Elliott , cheins , Ted Kropiewnicki , jsloan , Nathaniel Green

Palp: Epigynum (ventral/dorsal) Kaston provides no less than 8 dorsal views of T. frondeum , each showing a different pattern on the abdomen. Examples: Its background color is white but often with a tinge of yellow or green. Along the carapace and abdomen are medium black markings that exhibit considerable variation. Some individuals may lack the black markings while others may have very broad dark bands on either or both the cephalothorax and abdomen. The legs are long, especially leg I. In this leg, the patella plus tibia is nearly twice as long as carapace. The legs are dull greenish to white color with distinctive black bands which delineate the distal ends of each segment in leg I, and in all but the femurs of legs II and IV, but not at all in leg III. See remarks below about distinguishing between T. frondeum and T. albidum . Levi's genus treatment indicates that the female carapace [is] yellow-white, with median dorsal line in T. albidum but the similar T. frondeum has two parallel median lines or broad dark median band. Enoplognatha ovata is larger and has a single dark median dorsal line and dark lateral margins to the carapace.

Classification

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Arachnida
Order
Araneae (Spiders)
Family
Theridiidae (Cobweb Spiders)
Genus
Theridion

Imported taxonomy record. Source availability varies; see the source references and editorial policy below.

Habitat and Range

Habitat

High grass and shrubs

Geographic Range

Northeastern and north-central states and southern Canada south to Alabama and Florida (with outliers in the western U.S.) ( 3 )

Diet and Behavior

Life History

The mother lays her eggs in a secluded spot, often under a folded leaf. She stays with and guards the babies for a few days after they hatch, and then the babies disperse.

About Spiders: the wider group

Order-level background for Araneae, the group containing Theridion frondeum. Species-specific details appear above.

Group overview

As of 2023, 51,673 spider species in 136 families have been recorded, though an estimated 150,000 species exist. Spiders rank 7th in total species diversity among all organism orders. Only 0.5% of spider species pose any risk to human health.

Ecological role of the group

Spider venom contains complex peptides with diverse pharmacological activities, making them valuable for drug development research. Spiders produce up to 7 types of silk from specialized glands. Spider silk genes have been inserted into mammals and plants for biotech applications.

Economic and practical significance of the group

The global spider community kills an estimated 400-800 million tons of prey annually (2017 study). Spiders provide billions of dollars in natural pest control for agriculture. Spider silk is 5× stronger than steel of the same diameter, driving a biomaterials research industry.

Recorded sources for this group: World Spider Catalog, PNAS, Nature, ScienceDirect. Imported estimates may describe particular regions or reporting periods.

Explore Araneae families and species →

Photos of Theridion frondeum (5)

Theridion frondeum - photo 1
Contributed by john and jane balaban; Additional contributions by Lynette Elliott , cheins , Ted Kropiewnicki , jsloan , Nathaniel Green
Theridion frondeum - photo 2
Contributed by john and jane balaban; Additional contributions by Lynette Elliott , cheins , Ted Kropiewnicki , jsloan , Nathaniel Green
Theridion frondeum - photo 3
Contributed by john and jane balaban; Additional contributions by Lynette Elliott , cheins , Ted Kropiewnicki , jsloan , Nathaniel Green
Theridion frondeum - photo 4
Contributed by john and jane balaban; Additional contributions by Lynette Elliott , cheins , Ted Kropiewnicki , jsloan , Nathaniel Green
Theridion frondeum - photo 5
Contributed by john and jane balaban; Additional contributions by Lynette Elliott , cheins , Ted Kropiewnicki , jsloan , Nathaniel Green

Photo credits: Contributed by john and jane balaban; Additional contributions by Lynette Elliott , cheins , Ted Kropiewnicki , jsloan , Nathaniel Green

Frequently Asked Questions About Theridion frondeum

What is Theridion frondeum?

Theridion frondeum is a species in the family Theridiidae, within the order Araneae.

How big is Theridion frondeum?
FeatureDetails
Female3.0-4.2 mm
Male3.0 to 3.5 mm
How do you identify Theridion frondeum?

Palp: Epigynum (ventral/dorsal) Kaston provides no less than 8 dorsal views of T. frondeum , each showing a different pattern on the abdomen. Examples: Its background color is white but often with a tinge of yellow or green. Along the carapace and abdomen are medium black markings that exhibit considerable variation. Some individuals may lack the black markings while others may have very broad dark bands on either or both the cephalothorax and abdomen. The legs are long, especially leg I. In this leg, the patella plus tibia is nearly twice as long as carapace. The legs are dull greenish to white color with distinctive black bands which delineate the distal ends of each segment in leg I, and in all but the femurs of legs II and IV, but not at all in leg III. See remarks below about distinguishing between T. frondeum and T. albidum .

Where is Theridion frondeum found?
FeatureDetails
HabitatHigh grass and shrubs
RangeNortheastern and north-central states and southern Canada south to Alabama and Florida (with outliers in the western U.S.) ( 3 )
What is the life cycle of a Theridion frondeum?

The mother lays her eggs in a secluded spot, often under a folded leaf. She stays with and guards the babies for a few days after they hatch, and then the babies disperse.

How we use and review source data. Source count does not imply independent verification.

Photo credits: Contributed by john and jane balaban; Additional contributions by Lynette Elliott , cheins , Ted Kropiewnicki , jsloan , Nathaniel Green. Contributors retain copyright over their individual contributions.