Banded Bullet Gall Wasp
Kokkocynips imbricariae
This record describes Kokkocynips imbricariae (species). Recorded family: Cynipidae. Recorded order: Hymenoptera.
Identification and Appearance
Causes galls on twigs of the red oak group: Globose, hard, brown or mottled light and dark green, twig galls, diameter 1/4 to nearly 1/2 inch, occurring several together in fissures, on scarlet, black, black jack, blue jack, turkey, pin, willow, shingle, Spanish [=red, Q. rubra ], laurel-leaved and scrub oaks and Q. catesbaei , and Q. texana ... Globular, 7-10 mm., red, single or in groups, dropping in fall.
Classification
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Class
- Insecta
- Order
- Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, Wasps and Sawflies)
- Superfamily
- Cynipoidea
- Family
- Cynipidae (Gall Wasps)
- Tribe
- Cynipini
- Genus
- Kokkocynips
Imported taxonomy record. Source availability varies; see the source references and editorial policy below.
Additional species information
Species notes from the sources
Etymology: " imbricariae " refers to Quercus imbricaria (shingle oak), one of this wasp's host species.
About Flies: the wider group
Order-level background for Hymenoptera, the group containing Kokkocynips imbricariae. Species-specific details appear above.
Group overview
Hymenoptera includes over 150,000 described species of ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies. Earth harbors approximately 20 quadrillion (20×10^15) ants, with a combined biomass of ~12 megatons of dry carbon - exceeding the combined biomass of all wild birds and mammals (PNAS, 2022).
Ecological role of the group
About 35% of the world's food crops depend on animal pollinators. The chocolate industry, valued at over $100 billion, depends on pollinating flies and midges. Ants are the dominant soil engineers in most terrestrial ecosystems, turning more soil than earthworms in many habitats.
Economic and practical significance of the group
Pollinators contribute $235-577 billion worth of annual global food production (FAO). In the U.S., bee pollination alone benefits crops valued at $18 billion annually, and honey bees are responsible for $5.4 billion in agricultural productivity. Between April 2023-2024, 55.1% of managed honey bee colonies were lost. The U.S. bee population dropped from 5 million to 2.5 million.
Recorded sources for this group: FAO, USDA, EPA, PNAS (2022), US Fish & Wildlife Service. Imported estimates may describe particular regions or reporting periods.
Photos of Banded Bullet Gall Wasp (5)
Photo credits: Contributed by Charley Eiseman; Additional contributions by john and jane balaban