Pnigalio minio
This record describes Pnigalio minio (species). Recorded family: Eulophidae. Recorded order: Hymenoptera.
Identification and Appearance
Larva maggot-like, legless. Adult female usually with dark-colored thorax with blue metallic reflections and a yellow and black abdomen. Male with similar coloring but smaller than female and with branched antennae. The most common parasitoid of the western tentiform leafminer ( Phyllonorycter elmaella ). Used as biocontrol.
Classification
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Class
- Insecta
- Order
- Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, Wasps and Sawflies)
- Superfamily
- Chalcidoidea
- Family
- Eulophidae
- Subfamily
- Eulophinae
- Tribe
- Eulophini
- Genus
- Pnigalio
Imported taxonomy record. Source availability varies; see the source references and editorial policy below.
Additional species information
Species notes from the sources
Etymology: Author: Walker
About Flies: the wider group
Order-level background for Hymenoptera, the group containing Pnigalio minio. Species-specific details appear above.
Group overview
Hymenoptera includes over 150,000 described species of ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies. Earth harbors approximately 20 quadrillion (20×10^15) ants, with a combined biomass of ~12 megatons of dry carbon - exceeding the combined biomass of all wild birds and mammals (PNAS, 2022).
Ecological role of the group
About 35% of the world's food crops depend on animal pollinators. The chocolate industry, valued at over $100 billion, depends on pollinating flies and midges. Ants are the dominant soil engineers in most terrestrial ecosystems, turning more soil than earthworms in many habitats.
Economic and practical significance of the group
Pollinators contribute $235-577 billion worth of annual global food production (FAO). In the U.S., bee pollination alone benefits crops valued at $18 billion annually, and honey bees are responsible for $5.4 billion in agricultural productivity. Between April 2023-2024, 55.1% of managed honey bee colonies were lost. The U.S. bee population dropped from 5 million to 2.5 million.
Recorded sources for this group: FAO, USDA, EPA, PNAS (2022), US Fish & Wildlife Service. Imported estimates may describe particular regions or reporting periods.
Photos of Pnigalio minio (5)
Photo credits: Contributed by Charley Eiseman
Frequently Asked Questions About Pnigalio minio
What is Pnigalio minio?
Pnigalio minio is a species in the family Eulophidae, within the order Hymenoptera.
How big is Pnigalio minio?
Larva: 0.3- 2.5 mm
How do you identify Pnigalio minio?
Larva maggot-like, legless. Adult female usually with dark-colored thorax with blue metallic reflections and a yellow and black abdomen. Male with similar coloring but smaller than female and with branched antennae.