Ocellated Darner
Boyeria grafiana
This record describes Boyeria grafiana (species). Recorded family: Aeshnidae. Recorded order: Odonata.
Identification and Appearance

Adult :Large, greyish-brown in color, lacking any brown spots at the base of the wings. Thorax with yellow spots. Nymph 1. Epiproct bifurcate at tip............................................................... vinosa - Epiproct with pointed tip.......................................................................2 2 Ratio of length of labium prementum:basal width greater than 3.0... grafiana Ratio less than 3.0........................................................................... vinosa In the specimen below, ratio 3.5 Nymphs : Tennessen found that three characters previously proposed for differentiating grafiana from vinosa were unreliable, and a fourth only partially reliable. This latter, the apex of the epiproct, was reliable for 90% of vinosa examined. Thus, if the epiproct was emarginate (90% of specimens) then vinosa . If epiproct a single point then either grafiana or vinosa . The only single difference to reliably separate the two species is the relative dimensions of the prementum of the labium, significantly longer in grafiana such that the ratio length:basal width is greater than 3.0 in grafiana and less than 3.0 in vinosa .
Classification
About Dragonflies and Damselflies: the wider group
Order-level background for Odonata, the group containing Boyeria grafiana. Species-specific details appear above.
Group overview
Odonata includes ~6,000 described species of dragonflies and damselflies. Dragonflies are among the fastest flying insects, reaching 36 mph (58 km/h). They can fly in any direction including backward, and hover in place - each wing operates independently.
Ecological role of the group
Dragonflies predate dinosaurs by nearly 100 million years - fossils date to 325 million years ago. The largest dragonfly ancestor, Meganeuropsis permiana (285 mya), had a 75cm wingspan, enabled by atmospheric oxygen levels of 31-35% compared to today's 21%. Dragonflies have a 95% hunting success rate - the highest of any predator.
Economic and practical significance of the group
Dragonflies are voracious predators that consume hundreds of mosquitoes daily, providing natural pest control worth millions in reduced mosquito-borne disease risk. A single dragonfly can eat 30 to hundreds of mosquitoes per day.
Recorded sources for this group: Natural History Museum London, Britannica, fossil record research. Imported estimates may describe particular regions or reporting periods.
Photos of Ocellated Darner (5)
Photo credits: Contributed by Tony; Additional contributions by Tyler Hedlund
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