Anopheles perplexens
This record describes Anopheles perplexens (species). Recorded family: Culicidae. Recorded order: Diptera.
Identification and Appearance
Classification
Habitat and Range
Habitat
" Perplexens seems to be practically restricted to limestone springs and the streams that they form." (B. E. Bellamy 1957, "An Investigation of the taxonomic status of Anopheles perplexens Ludlow, 1907") Jensen et al. (1995) also found larvae in containers and temporary puddles.
Geographic Range
Eastern USA and adjacent Canada
About Flies: the wider group
Order-level background for Diptera, the group containing Anopheles perplexens. Species-specific details appear above.
Group overview
Diptera includes over 150,000 described species of flies, mosquitoes, and midges. Mosquitoes are the deadliest animal on Earth (CDC). Malaria alone causes ~249 million cases and over 608,000 deaths annually, mostly children under 5 (WHO). Vector-borne diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases, causing 700,000+ deaths per year.
Ecological role of the group
Despite their disease impact, flies are critical decomposers and pollinators. Hoverflies alone pollinate hundreds of crop and wildflower species. Flies are also the primary food source for many birds, bats, and fish. Forensic entomology relies heavily on fly species for crime scene analysis.
Economic and practical significance of the group
In the U.S., vector-borne disease cases tripled between 2004-2016, with over 640,000 cases reported in that period (CDC). Tickborne diseases doubled from 22,000 to 48,000 annual reports. Globally, mosquito-borne diseases cost billions in healthcare and lost productivity.
Recorded sources for this group: WHO, CDC, PNAS. Imported estimates may describe particular regions or reporting periods.
Photos of Anopheles perplexens (4)
Photo credits: Contributed by John F. Carr